Models
Control Area
A Control Area is a core domain concept in the European energy market.
The ENTSO-E Harmonized Electricity Market Role Model defines a Control Area as:
A coherent part of the interconnected system, operated by a single System Operator and shall include connected physical loads and/or generation units if any.
In other words, it is the grid a single TSO operates. It is distinct from the Scheduling Area, which is the area sharing one imbalance price. One good example is Germany, where a single Scheduling Area (DE/LU) is divided into four Control Areas — 50Hertz, Amprion, TenneT DE and TransnetBW.